Update on Equine Herpes Virus Epidemic

West River Veterinary Clinic has seen a surge in concern over a recent outbreak of Rhinopneumonitis, caused by Equine Herpes Virus (EHV) Type 1 infections in the Midwest.  EHV-1 is not a new virus to horses, but the epidemic has caused a panic in many horse-owners. Minnesota and Wisconsin have experienced multiple cases of EHV-1 this year, and three cases have been reported in Burleigh County, North Dakota. The safety of our herds and equine athletes during the upcoming performance season is of upmost concern.
There are four types of EHV, which cause a variety of diseases including respiratory, abortive, and neurologic (brain and spinal cord) symptoms. This type of EHV-1 has only occasionally caused neurologic disease in the past; however, the current rise in cases seems to be connected to this strain. Typical signs of this disease include wobbling, swaying, urine dribbling, red mucous membranes (gums and eyelids), and fever over 102 degrees Fahrenheit.
The virus is most easily spread in nasal secretions; however, it is possible for secretions to be passed through the air short distances and also on clothes, tack, buckets, hoses, etc. Also, it is good practice not to reuse waste carriers (i.e. wheelbarrows, buckets) for feed and water. Nose to nose contact at events is a quick way to spread the virus, as is close contact in barns and communal pens.
Unfortunately, there are no current vaccines that will completely cover the neurologic effects of EHV-1. Most Influenza/Rhinopneumonitis combination vaccines protect against abortion and respiratory disease. It is still recommended to follow a typical Flu/Rhino protocol for your horses this year, which consists of vaccination every 6 months, or more frequently in high-risk areas. For more information on EHV concerning guidelines for upcoming events, or if you think your horse has been exposed, contact Dr. Lindy West at West River Veterinary Clinic (701-567-4333) for information.